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The paper analyses the magnitude of foundry stresses in cast iron and steel castings. For the analysis of foundry stresses, a new methodology for measuring the level of residua! stresses on modified test bodies was proposed to test the propensity of iron alloys to hot-cracks and cold-cracks. The magnitude of the residua! stresses is determined based on the measured values of the relative shrinkage between the different bar diameters of the test body. To verify the proposed relative shrinkage measurement methodology, the hot-cracks and cold-cracks test body was compared with its modified version. Relative shrinkage (RS) is defined as the difference of lengths I = RS of bars of different diameter-modules on the modified version of the standard test body. Based on the measured RS values, the magnitude of residua! stress in the test castings was calculated. According to the relative shrinkage rate and the known elastic moduli of the cast alloys, the potential residua! stress in the test castings was calculated. The magnitude of the stresses on castings of graphitic cast irons, non-alloy and alloy steels were evaluated.
Keywords: Iron alloys; relative shrinkage; stress© This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.